These features eliminate any unpredictability and guesswork compared to using a traditional low-speed unit with only an air-pedal foot control. Some models also allow for torque control and have an automatic reversing feature for endodontics. Presets can be made at reduced RPM for caries removal, fine margin refinement on restorative preparations, endodontic cleansing and shaping, and implant drills and placement, to name a few applications. Ceramic polishing is generally done in the range of 12,000 RPM to 15,000 RPM. Polishing of composite materials can be accomplished efficiently at speeds of 6,000 RPM to 8,000 RPM. For example, most polishing procedures should be performed at lower RPM to minimize the generation of heat. This clinical versatility is very desirable in today’s dental practices where multidisciplinary treatments are becoming increasingly common.Ĭontrol panels for electric handpieces are also becoming more automated, allowing the operator to use preset buttons to specifically dial in an RPM for a specific procedure. ![]() Also, given the ability to “dial in” the desired RPM and use different contra-angles that have different gearing ratios, the electric handpiece can be custom-tailored to perform many other types of clinical procedures such as rotary endodontics, implant placement, and third molar removal (via tooth sectioning), for example. Since most clinicians still prefer individual handpieces for high and low speeds so they can be more efficient chairside, this may not make a difference when choosing between the two systems however, the higher initial investment for electric handpieces may be a consideration for some clinicians. In many clinical situations, an electric handpiece can perform the same functions that both an air-driven high-speed and separate low-speed unit can. One significant difference is having a specific RPM, with constant torque and less “bur chatter” (more concentric), so that when polishing or cutting through various types of tooth structure or restorative materials, the bur does not “bog down” or slow down when performing the clinical task. Most dental delivery units contain both a high- and low-speed handpiece to provide the dentist with an instrument whose speed is specific to the operation that is being performed.Įlectric handpieces (with variable revolutions per minute ) are also available that give dentists added benefits when compared to their traditional air-driven counterparts. Low-speed handpieces are now reserved primarily for finishing and polishing procedures, prophylaxis, and laboratory applications. John Borden and DENTSPLY, several notable improvements have been made to the high-speed handpiece to make the design more ergonomic, the heads smaller for easier patient access, the turbines quieter, and bur-changing easier. This development presented a major improvement from the “belt-driven” handpieces that preceded them and represents one of the most significant leaps forward in the era of modern dentistry. The use of air-driven “high-speed” handpieces enabled clinicians to work more expeditiously with reduced trauma to the tooth and the patient. The introduction of the air-driven handpiece nearly 60 years ago has proven to be a revolutionary advancement that genuinely changed the way dentists prepare teeth to receive dental restorative materials. Innovations come and go in dentistry, with some being more impactful than others. Both can achieve excellent results, therefore it is important to understand the differences and advantages of each. ![]() The two primary types of handpieces-air-driven and electric-have unique characteristics with specific benefits and drawbacks. Selecting the right handpiece is critical to helping ensure the smooth operation of everyday activities. It is a fundamental device that can enhance-or hinder, depending on its efficiency and maintenance-the daily routine of a practice. The handpiece is an essential element in any dentist’s armamentarium. Technological advances continue to improve these indispensable instruments. Through the years, handpieces have gradually been redesigned and upgraded to become the highly accurate and sophisticated tools they are today. One of the most fundamental devices used in dentistry, the handpiece can enhance the efficiency of everyday dental tasks. Private Practice, Charlotte, North Carolina Diplomate, American Board of Aesthetic Dentistry The Dental Handpiece: Technology Continues to Impact Everyday Practice
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